Anatomical features of the carotid arteries, ophthalmic nerves, mandibular nerve and extraocular artery based on multislice computed tomography (MSCT) data

Abstract

Introduction: Anatomical variability of cranial neurovascular structures presents significant challenges in surgical planning and diagnostic interpretation. Multislice Computed Tomography (MSCT) offers detailed imaging of these structures, facilitating accurate morphometric analysis and spatial understanding critical to clinical interventions. Objective: To analyze the anatomical features and variations of the internal carotid arteries, optic and ophthalmic nerves, mandibular nerve, and extraocular (ophthalmic) artery based on high-resolution MSCT imaging data. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 400 MSCT scans performed using a Toshiba Aquilion 64-slice scanner. Image analysis included multiplanar reconstructions and 3D modeling using RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. Measurements focused on ICA diameter and proximity to the sphenoid sinus, optic canal integrity, mandibular canal course and size, and traceability of the ophthalmic artery. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v26 with significance set at p<0.05. Results: 1. ICA was adjacent to the sphenoid sinus in 97% of cases; dehiscence occurred in 11%. 2. Optic canal dehiscence was found in 13.5%, with average diameter of 3.7 ± 0.5 mm. 3. Mandibular canal showed 9% asymmetry; mean diameter was 2.9 ± 0.4 mm. 4. Ophthalmic artery was visualized in 78% of scans; mean diameter 1.5 ± 0.2 mm. Significant interindividual variability was noted across all structures. Conclusion: MSCT is an effective tool for evaluating cranial neurovascular anatomy. Frequent anatomical variations such as ICA dehiscence and mandibular canal asymmetry underscore the need for individualized imaging assessment in preoperative planning. The high resolution of MSCT allows reliable visualization of fine neurovascular details, enhancing safety in head and neck surgery.