Підходи до профілактики серцево-судинних подій в рамках навчального процесу у студентів медичного університету

Abstract

Проведено обстеження 3486 студентів, які вступили на I курс до Запорізького державного університету в період з 2009/2010 по 2013/2014 навчальні роки. Всім студентам виконана електрокардіографія, при наявності показань – ехокардіоскопія. За даними електрокардіографії встановлено, що за вказаний проміжок часу кількість осіб без патологічних змін варіює від 88,9% до 91,2%. Вперше виявлено зміни на електрокардіограмі у 8,8%-11,1% підлітків. При необхідності, зумовленій наявністю медичних показань, проводилась ехокардіоскопія. The problem of deaths from cardiovascular disease continues to remain relevant in the world. At the same time the share of sudden cardiac death (SCD) accounts for the largest number of deaths. SCD most frequently implemented by the development of acute left ventricular failure with malignant ventricular arrhythmias, a manifestation of which is accompanied by disturbances as a systemic and regional hemodynamics. Consequently, the identification of a particular type of arrhythmias and conduction of the heart must be accompanied by their predictive assessment on the risk of SCD, regardless of the presence or absence of structural heart disease. At the same time, the presence or absence of structural heart disease may be determinative for adaptive changes in cardiac output parameters, and hence to the nature of the clinical course of arrhythmia. In this regard, the key value for the clinical interpretation of malignant course of any arrhythmia, determine its life-threatening nature should be considered the following states: syncope, dizziness, hypotension, chest pain, shortness of breath. The study involved 3486 students enrolled in the course I Zaporozhye State Medical University (ZSMU) in the period from 2009/2010 to 2013/2014 academic years. All students performed electrocardiography, when indicated – echocardioscopy. Of 535 students enrolled in the I course in 2009/2010 academic year not found electrocardiography changes in 487 (91,0%) teenagers. Electrocardiography changes were recorded in 48 (9,0%) students. Among first-year students 2010/2011 academic year according to norm electrocardiography set at 577 (91,2%), have bias – 56 (8,8%) students. Echocardioscopy held 17 students, of whom 11 – no structure change of heart, in 7 – found deviations. In 2011/2012 academic year examined 643 students enrolled in the I course. As a result, electrocardiography studies in 572 (88,9%) students reported lack of pathological changes, in 71 (11,1%) – detected abnormalities. Held 14 echocardioscopy. Of these, four students found organic changes have, 10 – without pathological changes. According to the 2012/2013 academic year, out of 903 first-year students electrocardiography abnormality were absent in 818 (90,6%), 85 (9,4%) had changes. Held 6 echocardioscopy, no changes – only 1 student. In 2013/2014 academic year I course on ZSMU received 772 students. In 691 (89,5%) on the electrocardiography abnormalities were not found, in 81 cases (10,5%) – detected changes. Indications for echocardioscopy have 16 students. We consider it appropriate to conduct electrocardiography all teenagers, regardless of the presence or absence of complaints for timely detection of pathological changes in the structures of the heart and prevent unwanted cardiovascular events, and if there are indications – echocardioscopy.