Features of balt in rats with experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and administration of thiometrisol

Abstract

Background. Cigarette smoke is a major etiological factor associated with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Despite the importance and growing prevalence of COPD, little progress has been made in developing effective drug therapy. The development and progression of COPD is characterized by chronic progressive inflammation. An objective of the research: to establish the morphological parameters of immunocompetent cells in the composition of BALT rats with experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and the administration of thiometrisol. An object of this study: 60 adult rats of Wistar line, using immunohistochemical method by determining the CD4, CD8, CD20, CD67 (Thermo Scientific, USA) and administration of thiometrisol. As a result of our research, it was revealed that BALT consists of lymphoepithelial lymphoid nodules. Lymphoid nodules were a highly organized structure of lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells. CD20+ cells formed lymphoid nodules, sometimes with a germinal center, which are surrounded by a perifollycular area consisting of T cells of predominantly CD4+ origin. CD67+ cells are located between the T cells for transport and the presentation of antigens from the lumen of the bronchi to the T cells. Lymphocytes enter the BALT through high endothelial venules (HEV), which are present in the lymphoid nodules. Sometimes there were other lymphoid accumulations, mainly in the lung parenchyma, which did not meet all the criteria for BALT. These lymphoid structures were not in contact with the bronchial epithelium and were more in contact with the lumen of the alveoli than with the bronchial or bronchiolar lumen. They were predominantly CD20+ cells with a weakly pronounced germinal center, surrounded mainly by CD4+ T cells, but also diffusely located CD8+ T cells. These lymphoid accumulations were more often observed in animals after exposure to tobacco smoke, which was the trigger factor for their development Thus, the study showed that in experimental animals there are violations of the cellular, humoral and nonspecific parts of the immune system. An increase in the content of B-lymphocytes (CD20 + cells), the main lymphocyte phenotypes (CD4 + and CD8 + cells) provide an imbalance in the production of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion. The results confirm the need for adequate treatment of patients with COPD for the elimination of chronic inflammation; they justify the use of thiometrisol in complex therapy. Its use can successfully supplement standard therapy and improve the state of the local immune system of the lungs.