Determination of risk factors for fetal growth retardation in pregnant women with extragenital pathology

Abstract

The aim of this work is to establish by anamnestic and clinical-instrumental standard methods the factors of fetal growth retardation in pregnant women with hypertension. A retrospective analysis of 117 case histories of pregnant patients with arterial hypertension who wore heated in the maternity hospital in 2019-2020 was performed. Women were observed at 26-36 weeks of pregnancy. Pregnant women were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 14 pregnant women with chronic arterial hypertension who were diagnosed with fetal growth retardation. Group 2 (comparison group) included 103 women with hypertension who did not have fetal growth retardation. Pregnancy was monitored according to current clinical protocols. Statistical analysis was performed using the program "STATISTICA® for Windows 6.0" (Stat Soft Inc., № AXXR712D833214FAN5). No statistically significant differences between groups of patients in the structure of other comorbidities were found, p>0.05. It should be noted that in the vast majority of women of group 1 was established 2 degrees of chronic arterial hypertension (78.6%), while in most patients of group 2 (52.4%) was determined 1 degree of chronic arterial hypertension, p<0.05. In the vast majority of patients in the main group, systolic blood pressure exceeded 150 mm Hg (78.6%), and diastolic blood pressure exceeded 90 mm Hg (85.7%), p<0.01. Uterine- placental circulatory disorders were detected in 92.9% of patients in group 1 and in 20.4% of patients in the comparison group, p<0.001. At the same time, grade 3 placental-placental circulatory disorders were present in 35.9% of women in group 1 and in 1% of patients in the comparison group, p<0.05. All pregnant women received treatment according to the medical standards of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The volume of prescribed therapy had no effect on the formation of fetal growth retardation, p>0.05. Physiological childbirth occurred in most mothers. The analysis of anamnestic and standard clinical and instrumental indicators identified the following risk factors for fetal developmental delay: chronic hypertension of 2 degrees, excess blood pressure over 150 and 90 mm Hg, the presence of uterine-placental circulation of 2 and 3 degrees. The appointment of standard treatment regimens did not affect the development of fetal growth retardation.