Individualised medicine: Application of a personalised approach in clinical practice

Abstract

Introduction: The adoption of individualized medicine in clinical practice has multifaceted challenges and advantages. The aim is to strategically address these challenges for better outcomes by focusing on specific needs of treatment, patient evaluation and adoption issues. Method: A systematic review was conducted from 2020 to 2025 to assess the clinical application of personalized medicine through rigorous keyword searches in Scopus. 16 relevant randomized control trials studies were identified using strict inclusion/exclusion criteria and all were evaluated for risk of bias and study quality. Result: This systematic review assesses the approaches to personalized medicine of 16 RCTs conducted in different countries (Germany, China, UK, US, France and Japan) and various biomarkers into the management of depression, cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Personalized therapies showed significantly greater response rates, ranging from 48.7% to 87% and lower or no adverse drug reactions. These therapies included pharmacogenomic-guided antidepressant therapy, personalized dietary management and targeted therapies for cancer. Conclusion: Clinical outcomes are enhanced across a range of diseases due to the increased response rates and lower adverse reactions associated with treating patients using genetic, pharmacogenomic and biomarker-driven methodologies when compared to traditional methods.