Психологические особенности спортсменок, занимающихся атлетическими видами спорта

Abstract

На підставі аналізу й узагальнення літературних даних і результатів проведеного дослідження в статті представлено матеріали, що стосуються питань вивчення значень особистісної та ситуативної тривожності, а також гендерної ідентифікації типу особистості у спортсменок, які займаються важкою атлетикою і пауерліфтингом. Наведено дані показників гендерної самоідентифікації і рівнів тривожності в досліджуваних групах. Описано виявлені варіанти гендерних значень в їх взаємозв’язку з певними типами передзмагальної тривожності у спортсменок в обох групах. The article presents the results of the study relating to the issue of studying personal and situational anxiety values, as well as gender identity personality type in athletes involved in weightlifting and powerlifting. The aim of our research is to study the self-determination of the values of gender identity of the personality types and levels of precompetitive personal and situational anxiety in female athletes of reproductive age, to identify and analyze existing in the data changes. The data indicators of gender identity and levels of anxiety in the studied groups are highlighted. We describe the identification of options for gender values in their relationship with certain types of precompetitive anxiety in athletes in both groups. It has been found out that a high level of personal and situational anxiety is a characteristic of young female athletes, who lack of experience of competitive activity and minor indicators of the level of sports qualification. Analysis of determining the level of situational anxiety in female athletes in precompetitive period indicates that a low level of anxiety is defined in 4 (17,39 %), the average level – in 5 (21,74 %) and the highest rate of female athletes has been identified in the group having high situational anxiety level precompetitive – 14 (60,87 %). These studies show that low levels of trait anxiety before the race have been identified in 9 (39,13 %) female athletes, the average level in these sports, of all athletes (n=23) – in 5 (21,74 %) and high the level of trait anxiety – in 11 (47,33 %) athletes. Attention is drawn to a sufficiently high number of athletes with a high level of personal precompetitive anxiety. The vast majority of these were young female athletes with little sports experience and a high level of sports qualification. Data on female athletes of both groups (n=23) has shown that a masculine type of gender identity possessed 11 (47,83 %), the androgynous type – 9 (39,13 %), and the feminine type of 3 (13,04 %) of all female athletes. It clearly demonstrates that in these groups there is a clear shift from the feminine type of gender identification to the masculine and androgynous ones. Prospects for further research in this area are the study of a number of additional psychological parameters in this group of athletes, such as aggressiveness, sociability, psycho-emotional adaptation.