Актуальні проблеми формування здоров’я дітей, народжених недоношеними. Літературний огляд. Частина 1

Abstract

У статті надано огляд сучасної літератури з питань динамічної оцінки стану фізичного та психомоторного розвитку дітей, які народилися з дуже низькою та екстремально низькою масою тіла та їх амбулаторного супроводу. Намічені перспективи досліджень: визначення особливостей статомоторного, психічного розвитку недоношених перших двох років життя та їх взаємозв’язок із темпами фізичного розвитку; оптимізація індивідуальних комплексів корекційно-профілактичних заходів для дітей, народжених передчасно, шляхом включення в нього найбільш ефективних практик, встановлених під час аналізу отриманих даних. Introduction. Common is the recognition of the importance of monitoring long-term outcomes for all children at high risk, including premature, as an indicator of the quality and standard of the effectiveness of assistance received by a child. Most of the kids early childhood pathology that leads to disability, has «deferred» nature of the To date, information on the results of case history of children born with DNMT and ENMT enough. The aim of research. Analysis of modern scientific literature on dynamic assessment of the physical, psychomotor development of children born with DNMT and ENMT and their follow-up observation. Results. Health – a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being. Therefore, the first problem, which face researchers engaged catamnesis premature – is an assessment of the physical and psycho-motor development of young children born with DNMT and ENMT. Today, the concept of efficiency is discussion phenomenon «the catching-up growth» (NC) premature as compensatory strengthening the pace of growth during the first year after a period of slow growth. Malnutrition and slow postnatal growth of preterm may result in a delay neurological development. At the same time, uncontrolled NC dangerous regarding the development of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, cardio-vascular system. Some difficulties still a clinical diagnosis psychomotor of children born prematurely. Currently, routine screening for children born prematurely, at the age of 8, 18 and 30 months using the Bayley scales. However, large compensatory potential and plasticity of cerebral structures during the first years of life are able to cause a significant progress of cognitive functions in children, the level of which would not meet the standard scale. A deeper study of the influence it is premature physical development of their motor status will find answers to these questions. Another problem is the formation of a premature baby care – it is an outpatient support. In medical practice there are difficulties of doing premature in an outpatient setting, there is no individual approach to the planning of preventive measures requires deep study of the dynamics of the health status of preterm system optimization rehabilitation and improvement of health care these children. However, the introduction of a set of preventive technologies aimed at preventing chronic pathologic process and minimize the adverse effects of prematurity, can reduce the incidence of persistent violations of health and even withdraw from the state disability to 30.0 % of children. Only non-medicamentous medical and social rehabilitation of these children provides compensation pathological changes in the conditions of natural plasticity of the body and distributes reserve-adaptive capabilities of children in ontogeny, which has a favorable effect on the correction and guidance sanogenetic compensatory-adaptive reactions. So-depth study of the dynamics of health Premature optimization is necessary for system rehabilitation and improvement of health care these children. Conclusion. Today, there is a dissonance between the high-tech intensive care in the neonatal period of preterm infants and their subsequent observation in general outpatient clinics network. Therefore, an important question remains improving remedial and preventive measures to children born with DNMT and ENMT, taking into account the dynamics of their physical, sexual, mental and motor development, and regional characteristics give them medical care. В статье представлен обзор современной литературы по вопросам динамической оценки состояния физического и психомоторного развития детей, родившихся с очень низкой и экстремально низкой массой тела и их амбулаторного сопровождения. Намечены перспективы исследований: определение особенностей стато-моторного, психического развития недоношенных первых двух лет жизни и их взаимосвязь с темпами физического развития; оптимизация индивидуальных комплексов коррекционно-профилактических мероприятий для детей, рожденных преждевременно, путем включения в них наиболее эффективных практик, установленных при анализе полученных данных